细胞外囊泡介导的神经元-胶质细胞通讯在三叉神经痛中的潜在作用

洪绪星 李俊^{（通讯作者）}

右江民族医学院口腔医学院，广西百色，533000；

摘要：三叉神经痛（Trigeminal Neuralgia，TN）是临床常见的阵发性颌面部神经病理性疼痛，其发病机制与神经元-胶质细胞间的异常通讯密切相关。细胞外囊泡（Extracellular Vesicles，EVs）通过递送核酸及蛋白质等物质介导细胞间交互，为解析该病理进程提供了新的关键分子载体。本文研究EVs介导的神经元-胶质细胞通讯在三叉神经痛中的潜在机制与转化潜力，并分析其临床应用的瓶颈与局限。然而，当前证据多由脊髓或坐骨神经等模型外推而来，直接针对三叉神经痛的研究极少，且多局限于外源性EVs干预，内源性EVs的致病作用仍缺乏直接证实。未来仍需借助细胞特异性解析技术与体液组学分析，以明确EVs在三叉神经痛中的确切病理机制与诊疗价值。

关键词：三叉神经痛；细胞外囊泡；神经元-胶质细胞通讯；小胶质细胞

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