老年肌少症人群运动处方的研究现状
乔汪大治 吴子晗 薛晓杰^{（通讯作者）}

南京中医药大学第二附属医院，江苏省南京市，210000；

摘要：肌少症是与增龄相关的进行性全身骨骼肌质量减少、力量下降及功能减退的老年综合征，显著增加跌倒、失能、住院及死亡风险。运动干预是非药物预防与治疗肌少症的核心手段，但最佳运动处方方案的循证依据仍在不断积累与更新。本文系统梳理了老年肌少症的诊断标准演变与流行病学现状，综述了抗阻训练在FITT原则下的处方要素及其剂量—效应关系，探讨了全身振动训练、联合训练等不同运动方式的临床研究证据，介绍了2025年国际权威指南的核心推荐，并探讨了依从性问题与管理策略。当前研究表明，抗阻训练是改善肌少症患者肌肉力量和功能最有效的运动方式，联合训练在改善整体功能表现方面具有互补优势，而全身振动训练是一项值得关注的新兴辅助手段。运动处方的精准化、个体化及依从性提升是未来临床研究的重要方向。

关键词：肌少症；运动处方；抗阻训练；FITT原则

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