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国际关系学院,北京,100091;
摘要:国际商事仲裁中,第三方资助费用能否由败诉方承担,是一个责任转嫁的正当性问题。Essar案后,该问题具体化为仲裁规则中的“其他费用”是否涵盖TPF费用,以及在何种条件下、以何种限度可由败诉方承担。现有研究多聚焦披露机制、费用担保和商业回报的法律基础,未从审查层级递进的角度系统处理该问题。CIArb 2025年《第三方资助指南》虽提出必要性、金额合理性和权限边界三项要求,但未完成费用分类、证明标准和商业回报边界的具体化。针对上述不足,可将指南三层结构展开为法源与权限确认、费用性质与范围界定、相关性审查、必要性审查、合理性与比例性审查、程序后果及费用分配六层递进审查框架,以Essar案和DTH案说明费用范围判断先于必要性审查。融资本金与商业回报性质不同,后者应排除于败诉方承担范围之外。在此基础上,从立法、机构规则和仲裁庭个案裁量三个层级提出中国转化路径。
关键词:第三方资助;费用可回收性;商业回报;CIArb指南
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