城市轨道交通弓网电弧放电特性与电极材料烧蚀损伤实验研究
王启好 周于翔 王旭阳 朱彬（通讯作者） 魏志恒

中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司城市轨道交通中心，北京，100081；

摘要：本文面向城市轨道交通受流过程中弓网分离引发的电弧烧蚀，建立了一套低压大电流试验装置，用来观测受电弓由连续滑动接触转入离线放电的全过程。装置分别借助直线电机和直流电动推杆实现沿线运动与垂向脱离，同时记录弧光强度以及回路电流、电压。试验设置20、40、60 A三个电流等级。电流由20 A增至60 A时，燃弧时间从55 ms延长到175 ms，弧光强度由1.5 V升至13 V，表明电流大小对燃弧持续性和剧烈程度起决定作用。进一步将铜接触线和碳滑板分别置于阴极位置进行比较，分离放电时两者的燃弧时间分别为255 ms和175 ms。由于铜的逸出功为4.65 eV，小于碳的5 eV，铜阴极更容易产生热电子发射，放电因而能够维持更久。上述结果可为弓网电弧控制及浸金属碳滑板烧蚀抑制提供试验依据。

关键词：城市轨道交通；弓网电弧；燃弧特性；电弧烧蚀；浸金属碳滑板

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