Electrochemical Glucose Sensors: Design, Performance, and Challenges
Jin Siyuan

Shanghai University of Engineering Science，Xingtai City, Hebei Province，200093；

Abstract: Electrochemical glucose sensors have become essential tools in the management of diabetes and are critical in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems. These sensors provide a non-invasive or minimally invasive means of measuring glucose levels in real-time, offering several advantages over traditional blood glucose testing methods. This review discusses the design principles, performance characteristics, and the challenges associated with the development of electrochemical glucose sensors. It covers various sensor designs, including enzyme-based and non-enzyme-based approaches, and explores key factors influencing sensor performance, such as sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Additionally, the challenges of sensor development, including biocompatibility, long-term performance, and interference from other substances, are examined. Finally, potential strategies for overcoming these challenges are discussed, providing insights into future research directions.

Keywords: Electrochemical sensors; glucose monitoring; enzyme-based sensors; sensor design; diabetes management; continuous glucose monitoring

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